![]() ![]() There is considerable evidence to suggest that high levels of task orientation are associated with a wide range of positive cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes at an individual level, whereas high levels of ego orientation are associated with neutral or less optimal outcomes, particularly when perceptions of competence are low or not accompanied by task-based goals ( Harwood et al., 2008).Īlternatively, at a situational level, Ames (1992) proposed two types of motivational climate that can influence an individual’s achievement goal state (i.e., task vs. ego involvement) within a specific situation are determined by a complex interaction between one’s dispositional goal orientations (intrapersonal level) and the wider motivational climate (situational level) created by key social agents (e.g., coaches, parents, peers).Īt an intrapersonal level, Nicholls’ (1984, 1989) dichotomous model of achievement goals proposes that over time, individuals develop a dispositional proneness to conceive ability as task- or ego-oriented within achievement contexts ( Nicholls, 1989 Smith, Cumming, & Smoll, 2008). From a theoretical perspective, achievement goals (i.e., task vs. ![]() Individuals who gain a sense of competence from improvements in personal mastery are considered task-involved, whereas individuals who gain a sense of competence from demonstrating superior performance in relation to others are considered to be ego-involved. ![]() ego involvement), which determine how individuals define success in achievement settings ( Harwood, Spray, & Keegan, 2008). These conceptions of ability underpin two contrasting achievement goal states (i.e., task vs. According to Nicholls (1984), an individual’s internal sense of ability can be conceived as high or low in relation to his or her past performance, or judged as a capacity relative to others. Thrower, in The Power of Groups in Youth Sport, 2020 Achievement goal theoryĪchievement goal theories ( Dweck, 1986 Elliot, 1999 Nicholls, 1984, 1989) are based on the notion that variations in the way in which individuals judge their own ability (i.e., perceptions of competence) and define successful accomplishments are critical antecedents for understanding young athletes’ motivational processes ( Duda, 2001). Send us feedback about these examples.Chris G. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'objectify.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Philip Kennicott, Washington Post, See More Lizz Schumer, Good Housekeeping, 6 June 2022 The catalogue essays point to the obvious sensuality of the woman, to the erotic drama of her captivity and the way that invites viewers, especially men, to objectify her for visual gratification. 2022 Outfits that make fun of people's size, objectify human beings or otherwise make light of a person's lived experience are all insensitive. 2022 Female collegiate athletes are certainly taking advantage of multiple ways to present themselves - while always having to be wary of society’s tendency to objectify. ![]() 2023 Indeed, both husband and wife try to play good cop with Aisha at the other’s expense, and both objectify and take advantage of her. 2011 The Broad City star is working alongside Miller Lite to dispose of old beer advertisements that objectify women and turn them into something useful: fertilizer. 2021 Men’s brains are designed to objectify females. Recent Examples on the Web Your relationship with your body is so deeply personal, and then in this industry, it gets objectified. ![]()
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